Cotton Cultivation (English)- I

                                                                             Cotton

Botanical name – Gossypium Spp.

Family – Malvaceae

Origen – India

v  Introduction: -

F Cotton is called white gold or the king of fiber crops.

F 12-15% oil is found in cotton seeds.

F N -5%, P -3%, K -2% are found in cotton cake.

F The first hybrid variety of cotton is – H – 4 which was developed by C.T. Patel in Gujarat.

F Coagulation in cotton – epigeal type

F The length or maturity of the fiber in cotton is measured by Arilometer.

F Cotton related poisonous substance – Gossypol

F China ranks first in cotton production in the world, India ranks second and USA ranks third.

F Gujarat ranks first in India in area and production.

F Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan ranks first.

F Cotton is a day neutral plant.

F Weight of one bale of cotton - 170 kg

F One bale of jute - 180 kg

F Ratio of cotton fiber and cotton (Ginning %) -33%

F Long fibers of cotton are called lint and short fibers are called fuzz.

F Cotton flowers are called square and fruits are called doda.

v  Branches: -

ü  Monopodial – The vegetative branches of cotton are called monopodial branches.

ü  Sympodial – These are the reproductive branches in cotton on which fruits are formed.

v  Pollination – Cotton is often a cross-pollinated crop and pollination is done by bees.

v  Classification of cotton -

1.   Desi cotton (Diploid 2n = 26) is also called Old World cotton -

A.   Gossypium Arboreum

B.   Gossypium herbaceous

2.   American cotton (quaternary 2n = 52) New World cotton

A.   Gossypium hirsutum

B.   Gossypium barbadense

v  Soil and Climate – Cotton is a plant of warm climate and its sowing is done in June. Hirsutum species and its hybrid varieties are grown on 96% area in India. For this, clay soil or chikni or black soil is considered best. Whose pH value should be between 5.5 to 8.5.

v  Temperature -

ü  Above 16­⁰C for seed germination

ü  Between 21 to 27­⁰C for vegetative growth.

ü  When the fruit ripens, the temperature should be between 27 to 32­⁰C.

v  Varieties -

þ  Desi cotton varieties - Lohit, Pratap Krishi- 1, Girnar, RG – 8

þ  American Varieties - Bikaneri Narma, Sujata, RS - 89, RS - 2013, RST - 875, RST -9

þ  Hybrid varieties - H-4 or Hybrid-4 is the first hybrid of cotton produced by C.T. Patel at Gujarat Agricultural University. H - 6, Varalakshmi, Maru Vikas, Surya, Savita, MCU - 5.

þ  BT cotton variety - Ankur, MECH-4, MECH-162, RCH-138, Bollgard-2

v  Seed rate -

ü  Desi cotton –

10 to 18 kg per hectare

Distance - 45 to 60 * 15 centimeters

ü  American cotton

18 to 20 kg per hectare

Distance 60*30cm

Plant Number: 55000 plants per hectare

ü  Hybrid cotton –

2 -3 kg seeds per hectare

Spacing 100*60cm, Plants 13388

                        

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