Groundnut cultivation (English) - 1

                                                                     Groundnut

Botanical name -Arachis hypogea

Family- Leguminaceae

Origen – Brazil

v  Important points-

F 100 grains of peanuts provide 349 calories of energy.

F N -7.28, P -1.5, K -1.5% is found in groundnut cake.

F Among edible cakes, the highest amount of nitrogen is found in peanut cake, up to 7.3%.

F Maximum peanut production is done in Bikaner, Rajasthan.

F Rajkot of Rajasthan - Lunkaransar (Bikaner)

F Protein-26%, oil 45-50% is found in peanuts.

F King of Vegetable Oils – Peanut

F Test weight of peanuts – 220 -580 grams.

F India has the largest area of peanuts in the world and China is ahead in production.

F In India, Gujarat ranks first in groundnut production and Andhra Pradesh ranks second.

F The productivity of groundnut is highest in Tamil Nadu (17-20 quintal/hectare).

F The fruit of peanut is called pod or lomentum and the grain is called kernel.

F Groundnut is a self-fertilized crop.

v  Climate-

F Groundnut is short light day (SDP) plant.

F For the growth of groundnut crop, a temperature of 21 - 27 degree centigrade is required. Annual rainfall – 50 – 125 cm

v  Soil-

F Light sandy loam soil which is rich in calcium and organic matter is considered most suitable for groundnut.

F pH value of soil – 5.5-6.5

v  Classification of peanuts-

1.   Spreading type – Arachis hypogea var. procubense

F Spreads on the ground and moves.

F It takes 130 days for the crop to ripen.

F Dormancy stage is found for 2-3 months.

F Varieties – Chandra, Prakash, Ambar, T-21, M-37

2.   Straight growing - Arachis hypogea var. fastigiata

F It is a straight growing, short duration and high yielding variety.

F Dormant state is not found in these

F Varieties – Chitra, Jawan, Kausal, Kuber, Kisan, Jyoti, Vikram

v  Dormancy stage in groundnut -

F To break the dormancy stage, the seeds are kept at high temperature.

F Spray ethylene chlorohydrin @ 0 -7%.

v  Seed rate-

F For straight growing groundnut – 80-100 Kg/hac.

F For spreading groundnut -60-80 Kg/hac.

v  Seed treatment – By FIR method

F Carbendazim + Chlorpyrifos + Rhizobium japonicum

v  Spacing –

F 30*10 cm for shelled peanuts

F For 45*15 cm spreader

F Seed depth – 5-7 cm

v  Sowing time – 2nd week of June to 2nd week of July

v  Manure and fertilizer –

F 10-15 cow dung manure

F N : P : K – 15:40:60

F 250 kg Gypsum (Popping due to Ca deficiency)

F Boron as per requirement (Holo heart due to boron deficiency)

v  Weed Management-

F 1-2 weeding. The last weeding should be done after 30-40 days.

F After 50-55 days, the process of pegging starts in groundnut.

F Spray Quinalphos 5% EC at the rate of 1 lit/hac 20-25 days after sowing in the standing groundnut crop.

F Use fluchloralin or TOK-E 25 (Nitrofen) – PE.

F In lands other than sandy soils, soil should be applied to the roots in 35-45 days.

v  Irrigation –

1.   At the time of flowering

2.   While making needles (pegging) – main critical stage

þ  Pegging – After flowering, when fertilization occurs, the ovary moves towards the surface of the soil through needles due to geotropism, where a pod is formed in it.

þ  Aflatoxin- A poisonous element called aflatoxin is produced in peanuts by the fungus Aspergillus flaves when stored at high humidity. Therefore, peanuts should be stored at 6-8% moisture.

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