Soyabean Cultivation (English)

                                                                       Lecture – 6

Soybean

B.N.- Glycine max

Family – Leguminaceae

Origin- South east Asia (China)

v  Introduction

F It is also known as Wonder Crop, King of Legume, Yellow Jewel.

F Soybean is a pulse and oil seed crop.

F Soybean has the first place in the source of vegetable oil.

F USA ranks first in soybean production in the world.

F In India, Madhya Pradesh is first, Maharashtra is second and Rajasthan is third.

F Its fruit is called pod.

F Soybean is a C3, short day dominant and self-pollinated plant.

F Protein 40-42%, oil 18-20%, calcium and phosphorus 11.5% are found in soybean grains.

F The highest amount of lysine is found in soybean protein.

F Greenness in soybean is due to chlorophyll and yellowness is due to anthocyanin pigments.

v  Climate

F Soybean requires a temperature of 20-32 degrees Celsius for seed germination.

F Soybean requires an average temperature of 24-28 degrees Celsius.

F It can be easily planted in places with 62 -75 cm annual rainfall.

v  Soil

F Loam, clay loam and light soils with proper drainage are suitable for soybean cultivation.

F The pH value of the soil should be 6.5 -7.5.

v  Seed rate & Sowing time

ü  70-80 kg/ha

ü  Spacing-30-45*15-20 cm

ü  Per hac. Number of plants – 3 lakh

ü  Sowing depth - 3-4 cm

ü  Sowing time – 15 June to 15 July

ü  Seed Treatment - FIR method - Use Rhizobium Japonicum

ü  Irrigation - should be done before flowering and at the time of pod formation.

v  Varieties

ü  T-49, T-1, Monetto, RKS-24, RKS-113, NRC-12, Durga, Punjab-1, Ankur

ü  Import variety from USA - Bragg, Lee, Kent, Clark-63, Black heart

v  Sowing method

§  Broadcasting

§  Seed drill method

v  Fertilizers and manure

ü  10 -12 tons of cow dung manure

25-30kg N

60-70 kg P

30-40 kg K

25 kg Zinc

v  Weed Management

ü  At the time of sowing, sprinkle 2.5 liters of fluchloralin and basalin in 500-600 liters of water.

v  Disease Management

1.   Charcoal rot – caused by a fungus called Mascrophomina phaseoline.

Seed treatment - Carbendazim 2-3 g/kg seed

2.   Yellow disease - caused by deficiency of iron and zinc.

Spraying of 0.5% ferrous sulphate

3.   Yellow mosaic

In this disease, white fly acts as a carrier.

Spraying of Dimethoate @2-3 ml/lit

v  Insect Management

1.   Girdle beetle - Obesia bravis

In early crops it makes holes in the pods and eats the seeds.

Spraying of Dimethoate @2-3 ml/lit

2.   Tobacco caterpillar: - Spodoptera lintura

This insect spread as an epidemic on soybean crop in Rajasthan in the year 2001.

v  Yield

30-35 quintals/hac

Seeds should be stored at 10% moisture.