Rice cultivation (English) - 2

v  Manures and Fertilizers: -

F Nitrogen 100 kg Phosphorus 60 kg Potash 60 kg per hectare.

F ZnSo4 @25 kg /hac for Khera disease control.

F The most suitable nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulfate.

F Leaf color chart (LCC) is used to determine the amount of nitrogen.

F Bacterial fertilizers such as Azolla, blue green algae and azotobacter are important in paddy crop.

F Blue green algae -20 -30 kg /hac/yr do nitrogen fixation.

v  Irrigation: -

F Water Demand -900-2500 MM

F There should always be 5 cm of water in the fields.

F Puddling: - Plowing the soil with the help of a puddler in the state of standing water before sowing of paddy is called paddling. Its main objective is to control weeds in the crop and increase the availability of nutrients.

F In puddling, two zones develop - the upper zone of the field which is 1 to 10 mm or 1 centimeter in which the amount of oxygen is called the oxidized zone, while the lower zone where oxygen is absent is called reduced. The area is called the Reduced Zone.

F Nitrogen fertilizer is used in paddy crop in ammoniacal form which is applied in this area.

v  Weed: -

F Wild Rice - Echinocloa colonum

F Sava grass - Echinocloa crusgaili. These two are the main weeds.

F Beushining is the process of removing weeds or excess plants by running a cross plow in a standing paddy crop.

v  Weed Management: -

F Propenyl (Stam F-34) - Used in post planting or post germination (PoE) application of paddy.

F Benthiocarb - 2 kg per hectare active element is used from germination.

F Butachlor - 1.5 kg per hectare before seedling application.

v  Pest management: -

1.   Yellow stem borer of paddy (Tryporiza incertulus) –

ü  It is a major pest of paddy, its stalk pierces the stem of the plant and dries up the main shoot, which is called dead heart.

ü  In those plants which are attacked by pests early, the earrings are left without grains, which is called white ear. Basmati variety of paddy is affected the most by this.

ü  Control: - Spray Cartop Hydrochloride 4 G @ 2.5 kg /hac.

2.   Paddy smelly bug (Leptocorisa acuta) – This insect gives off a foul smell when touched, hence its name as smelly bug. To control it, apply Malathion 50 EC - 625 ml / ha.

3.   Rice bollworm (Diclodispa armigera)

4.   Green Leaf Hopper (Nephottefix virsecence)

5.   Paddy gall midge (Orseolia oryzae)

v  Disease Management: ‑

1.   Brown leaf spot disease of paddy: -

ü  C.O.- Helminthosporium oryzae

ü  Other names - Drechslera oryze and Cochliobolus miyabeanus

ü  In 1943 there was a famine in Bengal due to this disease. That's why it is called Bengal famine.

ü  Due to lack of potash.

ü  Mancozeb 0.25% should be sprayed for its treatment.

2.   Rice blast disease: -

ü  CO - Pyricularia oryzae fungus

ü  When this disease is more severe, the entire crop appears burnt.

ü  This disease appears at the stage of budding and spreads more at 20-22 ⁰C.

ü  For its treatment, spraying should be done by mixing 500 grams of carbendazim in 500 liters of water.

3.   Bacterial leaf blight disease –

ü  Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria

ü  Ooze test is used to detect bacterial diseases in plants.

ü  It is also called Kresek's disease when it occurs in nursery stage.

ü  Spraying of 0.01% streptocycline and 0.3% copper oxychloride.

4.   Tungro disease of paddy: -

ü  Virus borne disease

ü  Spread by the green plant hopper (Nephottetix virscence).

ü  Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) are caused by two types of viruses.

ü  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)Test for the detection of virus-borne diseases in plants.

5.   Khaira disease of paddy: -

ü  Zinc deficiency causes

ü  This disease was first detected in 1966 by Y L Nene in Pantnagar.

ü  Symptoms - Appear in 2 -3 weeks after sowing.

ü  Brown colored spots appear on the husks. Plant growth stops.

ü  Use 5 kg Zinc sulphate /hac.

v  Harvesting: -

F Different varieties of paddy ripen in about 100-150 days.

F The water should be drained out before 10 -15 days.

F Paddy should be dried to 14% moisture.

v  Yield: -

F Average yield -35 -45 quintal /hac

F From dwarf varieties - 50 -80 quintals /hac

F From hybrid varieties - 60 - 70 quintals /hac